Infrastructure + EU data sovereignty for AI

Where you run AI determines what compliance looks like. Cloud LLM in a US hyperscaler triggers GDPR Chapter V transfer obligations and Article 10 data-governance assessment for high-risk systems. EU-hosted or on-premise local AI shrinks the transfer surface but adds capex, ops, and capacity-planning work. This pillar covers the architecture decisions, the cost trade-offs, and the procurement standards EU businesses need.

Infrastructure is the pillar most product-led teams skip until a high-risk classification or a DPIA forces the issue. The EU AI Act does not require local hosting, but Article 10 and Article 26 data-governance and oversight obligations are easier to defend on EU-hosted infrastructure with full data control. This page indexes our writing on Infrastructure, plus the calculator that turns the cloud-versus-local debate into a real monthly TCO with the sovereignty premium priced in.

Articles in this pillar

Cloud AI vs Local AI: What European Businesses Need to Know

Cloud AI or on-premise AI? Compare costs, GDPR data residency, EU AI Act implications, and hybrid approaches for European businesses. With real deployment examples.

16 min22 Mar 2026